9/27/2023 0 Comments Who was after julius caesar![]() Caesar launched several probing attacks on the city, but found out he had neither the men nor the material to take it. Caesar made camp south of the city and tried to negotiate with Considius, but the Optimate commander refused to read his message. Hadrumetum was held by a strong Optimate garrison under Gaius Considius Longus and Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso. He reached the African coast on the 28th of December, landing near Hadrumetum, but a storm had scattered his transports leaving him with just 3000 infantry and 150 cavalry. Despite the weather being far from optimal Caesar embarked his six legions and sailed for Africa. Four more legions were on their way from Rome. The African campaign leading up to Thapsus Ĭaesar had gathered six legions around Lilybaeum in Sicily. After the pacification of the Eastern provinces, and a short visit to Rome, Caesar followed his opponents to Africa. King Juba I of Numidia was a valuable local ally. Other key figures from the nobility in the resistance were Titus Labienus, Publius Attius Varus, Lucius Afranius, Marcus Petreius and the brothers Sextus and Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey's sons). Their leaders were Marcus Cato (the younger) and Caecilius Metellus Scipio. The remaining Optimates, not ready to give up fighting, regrouped in the African provinces of Mauretania. Pompey then fled to Egypt, where to Caesar's consternation, Pompey was assassinated. Still outnumbered, Caesar recovered and went on to decisively defeat the Optimates under Pompey at Pharsalus. Led by Caesar, the Populares followed, but were greatly outnumbered and defeated in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. ![]() The Optimates fled to Greece under the command of Pompey since they had not organised an army and were incapable of defending the city of Rome itself against Caesar. He crossed over the Rubicon river with the 13th Legion, a clear violation of Roman Law, and marched to Rome. In 49 BC, the last civil war of the Roman Republic was initiated after Julius Caesar, who saw that his political enemies in Rome were looking to arrest and prosecute him, defied senatorial orders to disband his army following the conclusion of hostilities in Gaul. It was followed shortly by the suicides of Scipio and his ally, Cato the Younger, the Numidian King Juba, and his Roman peer Marcus Petreius. ![]() The forces of the Optimates, led by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Scipio, were defeated by the forces of Julius Caesar. The Battle of Thapsus was a military engagement that took place on April 6, 46 BC near Thapsus (in modern Tunisia). Vergilius (Garrison commander of Thapsus) His adopted son, Gaius Octavius, assumed the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus in accordance with Roman custom, later adding the title Augustus (Latin, "majestic").Thapsus ( Tunisia), modern Ras Dimas 35☃7′28″N 11☀2′52″E / 35.6244°N 11.0478☎ / 35.6244 11.0478 The most renowned member of the Julian gens (clan) was Gaius Julius Caesar. Tiberius by Augustus) he gained the name Caesar as an indication of this adoptive heritage. As each successive emperor was adopted (i.e. The taking of the name Caesar originated as Augustus was named Gaius Julius Caesar like the original dictator upon his adoption. When an Emperor or Augustus (after the Julio-Claudian period) named an heir to the throne that heir would be known thereafter as Caesar (as it evolved to become a title rather than a name like those of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero), until his ascession, when he too would take the title Augustus. While we today know Octavian as Augustus, each Emperor was actually awarded the title. This position (Augustus), essentially granting absolute power over the senate and people for life, for all practical purposes replaced the old periodic Republican title of Dictator, combining such powers as those of the Consuls and the Plebeian Tribunes. Octavian, the heir of Julius Caesar and first Roman Emperor is known by the name Augustus, as he was the first to be appointed with that title and was referred to as such by contemporaries. Imperator was simply a military title and had nothing to do with the modern designation of the term Emperor in English. The title of the Emperor (Imperator) was actually "Augustus" or exalted one, as well as Princeps in the early period (from Princeps inter pares Senatus for first among equals in the Senate). This was actually introduced by Vespasian to tie the appointment of his sons Titus and Domitian as heirs with the original ruling dynasty. The title of Caesar, taken from the hereditary name of Gaius Julius Caesar, eventually became synonymous with the heir to the throne after the fall of the Julio-Claudians (who could trace some semblence of familial connection to Caesar the dictator).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |